Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers diagnosed in males in the United States. Understanding this condition can help men make informed decisions about their health and seek appropriate medical care. Here is more information on prostate cancer, its causes, early warning signs, and available treatment options provided by prostate cancer doctors:
What Is Prostate Cancer?
Prostate cancer develops when cells in the prostate gland begin to grow uncontrollably. The prostate is a small, walnut-sized gland located below the bladder and surrounding the urethra. This gland produces seminal fluid, which nourishes and transports sperm during ejaculation.
Most prostate cancers are adenocarcinomas, which develop from the gland cells that produce prostate fluid. The disease typically progresses slowly, often remaining confined to the prostate gland for years. Some cases may spread to nearby tissues or other parts of the body if left untreated. A prostate cancer doctor specializes in diagnosing and treating this condition.
What Causes It?
The exact cause of prostate cancer remains unclear, but several risk factors contribute to its development. Age is the most significant risk factor, with the likelihood increasing substantially after the age of 50. Family history plays a role in prostate cancer risk. Men with a father or brother who had prostate cancer face double the risk of developing the disease.
Genetic mutations, particularly in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, can also increase susceptibility to prostate cancer. Men of African ancestry experience higher incidence rates and more aggressive forms of the disease compared to men of other ethnic backgrounds. Lifestyle factors such as diet, obesity, and physical activity levels may also contribute to cancer development.
What Are the Early Signs?
Early-stage prostate cancer often produces no noticeable symptoms, which makes regular screening particularly valuable. When symptoms do appear, they typically affect urination patterns and sexual function. Urinary symptoms include difficulty starting urination, weak or interrupted urine flow, and frequent urination, especially at night. Men may also experience burning or pain during urination, blood in urine or semen, and the feeling of incomplete bladder emptying.
Sexual dysfunction symptoms can include erectile dysfunction, decreased sexual desire, and painful ejaculation. Some men may experience pelvic discomfort or pain in the lower back, hips, or thighs. These symptoms can also indicate benign prostate conditions, so proper medical evaluation is necessary for accurate diagnosis.
What Are the Treatment Options?
Treatment approaches for prostate cancer depend on factors such as cancer stage, patient age, and overall health. Laparoscopic techniques offer minimally invasive surgical options for prostate cancer treatment. These procedures use small incisions and specialized instruments to remove cancerous tissue while reducing recovery time and complications compared to traditional open surgery. The da Vinci® robotic surgery system represents an advanced surgical approach that provides surgeons with enhanced precision and control.
Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams to destroy cancer cells and shrink tumors. Chemotherapy employs powerful medications to kill cancer cells throughout the body. Hormonal treatments work by blocking or reducing testosterone levels, which can fuel prostate cancer growth. Consulting a specialist helps determine which treatment is right for you.
Consult a Prostate Cancer Doctor
Prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment require specialized medical expertise and personalized care plans. Early detection through regular screening improves treatment outcomes and survival rates. Treatment decisions should involve thorough discussions with qualified medical professionals who can evaluate individual circumstances and explain available options. A prostate cancer doctor can provide comprehensive care, from initial screening through treatment and follow-up monitoring.
